While it features real solutions, final content will undergo review by a technical working group and incorporate feedback from a validation workshop planned for December 2020. Please see these as examples only, and not a definitive list.
Solution /Innovation:

Transforming cassava peels into a high-quality animal feed ingredient

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Organization:

International Livestock Research Institute

For more information:

Technical contact:
Tunde.jpegTunde 300x300
Dr. Tunde Adegoke Amole
Livestock Scientist, Feed and Forage Development
International Livestock Research Institute
t.amole@cgiar.org
Additional contacts:
Alan-Duncan-1.jpgAlan Duncan 1 300x300
Dr. Alan Duncan
Principal Scientist - Livestock, Feed and Forage Development
International Livestock Research Institute
a.duncan@cgiar.org
Categories:
Dairy, Livestock solution, Marketing and value chains, Pig, Poultry, Red meat, and Sustainable production
Has been implemented in:
af
Nigeria
ch

Challenge

In Africa, processing cassava into staple food and for industrial uses yields about 50 million tons of wet peels annually. In Nigeria alone, about 15 million tons of wet cassava peels are dumped annually around processing centres. These peels rot within 3-5 days and produced offensive smell of methane gas, effluent that pollutes nearby streams and underground water, causing environmental pollutions. Cassava peel has been investigated as a good source of energy for various categories of livestock and it has been reported as a good substitute for maize for all classes of animals. Apart from its cyanide content which leads to toxicity when consumed wet, its high microbial load and potential presence of mycotoxins and difficulty in drying locally, has limited its used in the livestock feed industry, a concern based on product safety and hygiene.
Transforming this waste into animal feed has the potential to reduce maize imports, reduce pollution, minimize post-harvest loss in cassava, create employment and generate income since it is less competed for by humans. The annual wet cassava peels generated in Nigeria alone has the potential to produce 5 million tons of feed ingredients which is equivalent to about 3million tons of maize.

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Solution

The innovation works using common and simple equipment e.g. grater to reduce particle size so that pressing under hydraulic pressure can achieve rapid dewatering which is key to reducing drying time—the main achievement of the innovation. Rapid dewatering helps in the reduction of HCN and results into a finished product with HCN level below 90 ppm which is the recommended safe levels for livestock feed. Slow drying which promote the growth of mycotoxin in wet cassava peels is circumvented with this innovation through grating and sieving thereby reducing drying time to 6-8 hours compared to 2-3 days. This innovation result into 3 products. The first product is cassava peel cake which is produced after grating and pressing and can be fed to cattle, sheep and goats. Cassava peel cake has a moisture content of between 30-35% and a low shelf life of one week due to high moisture. Sieving of the peel cake results into both the HQCP fine and HQCP coarse mash. The HQCP fine mash is the premium product, low in fiber, high in energy with longer shelf life and suitable for poultry, fishes and young pigs. It has a low moisture content of below 12%. The HQPC coarse mash is fibrous, suitable for cattle, sheep, goats and adult pigs. Both products have shelf life of six months. 
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Impact

The innovation has generated additional income for cassava processors (80% women). With development of HQCP commerce, the concept is taking a root and a couple of enterprises have began to specialize on producing cassava peel cake, while other focusses on drying cassava peel cake and packaging for the market. Empirical results confirm that up to 40% of maize in poultry diets and up to 80% in aquafeed can be replaced with HQCP mash, demonstrating the economic viability of this technology especially when maize prices become high. There are increases in the demand for HQCP mash in Nigeria. This impact directly on the producing cheaper sources of energy in livestock feeds as alternatives to cereals, thereby lowering feed cost. It promotes the affordability of more animal source food thereby improving the health of the under-nourished. Converting the waste into feed improve availability particularly for large ruminant production, leading to less conflicts between pastoralist and crop farmers because of feed scarcity and natural resource control. The AfDB funded TAAT project supported two major cooperative clusters with equipment to turn wet cassava peels to a quality feed ingredient.  TAAT along with the CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas set up a training for 271 potential processors as the first step of a scaling pathway. Among the trained processors, 21 new HQCP factories have been established through the project with production capacity of 3-20 tons per week.

Category

Dairy, Livestock solution, Marketing and value chains, Pig, Poultry, Red meat, and Sustainable production

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